Problems and Prospects of Islamic Banking: a case Study of Takaful

The paper is an attempt to analyse the working of Takaul in the world and its popularity in the insurance sector in the world. Keeping in view of Sharia we have also tried all possible aspects of insurance system popular in the world and tried to look at its possibility to familiarize more amongst Muslims of the world. It is observed that customer awareness remain low, however this is often attributed to a limited understanding of Islamic finance in the banking and insurance world. We wish to have a proper salesmanship and advertisement of Islamic banking system in India and all around the world.Islamic Banking, Takaful

Anaesthesia at remote location: use of modified Bain circuit (Mapleson D) at Kunri Christian Hospital (KCH)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a safe general anaesthesia technique for remote areas with lack of facilities. METHODS: Four types of anaesthesia techniques using TIVA and modified Bain circuit were planned. Monitoring facility was limited to manual sphygmomanometer, palpation of radial pulse and monitoring of colour of skin and blood. Depth of anaesthesia was assessed using EVANs, RPST scoring system. Patients were asked in recovery room for awareness. RESULTS: Surgeries done were cesarean sections, laparotomies, gynaecological, urological, hernia and burn contractures. Six patients had RPST score of 5 or more and three patients in recovery room complained of awareness. Cost per Anaesthesia was Rs225. CONCLUSION: TIVA with modified Bain circuit provided effective anaesthesia in remote area at low cost

Behavior, Color Change and Time for Sexual Inversion in the Protogynous Grouper (Epinephelus adscensionis)

Hermaphroditism, associated with territoriality and dominance behavior, is common in the marine environment. While male sex-specific coloration patterns have been documented in groupers, particularly during the spawning season, few data regarding social structure and the context for these color displays are available. In the present study, we define the social structure and male typical behavior of rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) in the wild. In addition, we detail the captive conditions and time period necessary to induce the onset of the sex-specific coloration and sexual change. At six oil production platform locations in the Gulf of Mexico, rock hind social group size and typical male rock hind social behavior were documented. We observed a rapid temporary color display in rock hind that could be turned on and off within three seconds and was used for confronting territory intruders and displays of aggression towards females. The male-specific “tuxedo” pattern consists of a bright yellow tail, a body with alternating dark brown and white patches and a dark bar extending from the upper mandible to the operculum. Identification and size ranges of male, female and intersex fish collected from oil platforms were determined in conjunction with gonadal histology. Rock hind social order is haremic with one dominant male defending a territory and a linear dominance hierarchy among individuals. In five captive experiments, the largest remaining female rock hind displayed the male specific color pattern within 32d after dominant male removal from the social group. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence in a grouper species of color patterning used to display territoriality and dominance outside of spawning aggregations. The behavioral paradigm described here is a key advance that will enable mechanistic studies of this complex sex change process

Impact of Community Orgnizations (CO’S) on Rice Productivity in District Malakand Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The research study was conducted in selected villages of district Malakand to study the impact of Community Organizations (CO’s) on rice productivity. A total of 70 respondents having different characteristics were interviewed. The main dependent variable was rice productivity which was studied in relation to other variables, inputs and in their application. Contact with various government departments and private sector by (CO’s) to the respondents. The results of the research study show that 7% of the farmers stated the problem of low productivity due to insect/pest attack, reasons were increase cost of the of the insecticides and pesticides. Majority of the respondents as 42.9 % purchased their seed for growing rice crop while the second dominant group was those with their own seed numbered about 32.9 %. Some of the respondents were those who used to grow seed of their own as well they also purchased some of the seed from market, were about 22.9 %. Majority of the sample respondents stated that their source of information regarding various inputs was (CO’s) following by Agri. Extension and fellow farmers. The satisfaction level of the sampled respondents was 81.4 % while 82.9 % sampled respondents stated that their production was increased due to the assistance and credit provided to them by (CO’s). The statistics of the paired T-test shows that the result was highly significant at the rate of 5% sample size and the production was increased by 10.39 % which show the effectiveness of (CO’s) activities in the area. It was concluded from the study that majority of respondents were literate, got proper technical assistance from (CO’s), agricultural extension departments and private companies. On the basis of findings it was recommended that all type of farmers should be involved in such activities and state should encourage the organizations to increase the productivity of various crops, the same techniques of assistance and credit should be adopted for other regions of the country. Keywords: Community Organizations, Rice productivity, variables, statics, technical assistance

Roughly geodesic B - r-preinvex functions on Cartan Hadamard manifolds

In this article, we introduce a new class of functions called roughly geodesic B????r????preinvex on a Hadamard manifold and establish some properties of roughly geodesic B - r-preinvex functions on Hadamard manifolds. It is observed that a local minimum point for a scalar optimization problem is also a global minimum point under roughly geodesic B-r- preinvexity on Hadamard manifolds. The results presented in this paper extend and generalize the results appeared in the literature

Neural network-based adaptive global sliding mode MPPT controller design for stand-alone photovoltaic systems

The increasing energy demand and the target to reduce environmental pollution make it essential to use efficient and environment-friendly renewable energy systems. One of these systems is the Photovoltaic (PV) system which generates energy subject to variation in environmental conditions such as temperature and solar radiations. In the presence of these variations, it is necessary to extract the maximum power via the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. This paper presents a nonlinear generalized global sliding mode controller (GGSMC) to harvest maximum power from a PV array using a DC-DC buck-boost converter. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is used to provide a reference voltage. A GGSMC is designed to track the FFNN generated reference subject to varying temperature and sunlight. The proposed control strategy, along with a modified sliding mode control, eliminates the reaching phase so that the sliding mode exists throughout the time. The system response observes no chattering and harmonic distortions. Finally, the simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness, accuracy, and rapid tracking of the proposed control strategy. The results are compared with standard results of the nonlinear backstepping controller under abrupt changes in environmental conditions for further validation

Investigation of the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species at Lake Simcoe recreational beaches

Thermophilic Campylobacter species have been implicated in human gastrointestinal infections and can occur in agricultural run off, sewage discharges, and the feces of domestic and wild animals including birds. A 2-year study was designed to investigate the occurrence of the primary thermophilic Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, coli, and lari) associated with human disease at 5 recreational beaches on Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. A biweekly sampling program involved collecting water samples across 3 depth zones (sand pore water and ankle- and chest-depth waters). To identify the potential sources of contamination, samples were also collected from 4 neighboring rivers corresponding to selected beaches, a few fresh seagull and Canada geese fecal droppings on beaches, and a stormwater outfall. Water and fecal samples were processed for Campylobacter spp. isolation and detection using a minimum probable number culture enrichment protocol. Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. generally occurred infrequently and at low concentrations (≤30 cells L-1) at all sampling locations; they were detected in 12% of water samples from beaches (n = 289) compared to 14% from rivers (n = 100). C. jejuni and C. lari were the species most commonly detected. Nine isolates identified as unknown Campylobacter spp. were further sequenced and shown to be more closely related to Arcobacter spp. At beaches, thermophilic Campylobacter spp. were generally detected more often in sand pore water than in ankle- or chest-depth water. The study suggests that sand, rivers, and bird droppings could be potential sources of Campylobacter spp. contamination at Lake Simcoe recreational beaches.&nbsp